The Southern  or Italian Renaissance  c1300-1600 in Italy Italy is a bunch of city states at this time.  The major city states are,  Rome, Pisa, Florence.

Transition from the Romanesque and Byzantine or "Greek Manner" to the Late Gothic and Renaissance Styles in Painting and Sculpture
Romanesque Sculpture
 
 

West Portal (Entrance on the West) St Lazare, Autun Cathedral,  Burgundy France West Portal, sculpted by Gislebertus c1130CE French Romanesque Style/Period

The "elect" rising
Peter and the elect
Pulled to judgement

The Judgement The Damned and  the weighing of the souls
Paul makes a last attempt

Nicola Pisano. Nativity,  Pulpit from Pisa's Baptistry c1259 Italian Gothic,

Nicola Pisano. Nativity,  Detail of Pulpit from Pisa's Baptistry c1259 Italian Gothic, typological exegesis continuous narrative

Pheidias Pediment of the Parthenon Three Goddesses c438BCE Greek Classic,

Nicola Pisano. Nativity,  Detail of Pulpit from Pisa's Baptistry c1259 Italian Gothic,

Duccio di Buoninsegna, The Nativity with  the Prophets Isaiah and Ezekiel, 1308/1311 This panel in the National Gallery, Washington DC triptych

Italian Gothic, Detail of Pulpit from Pisa's Baptistry c1259

Virgin and Child,  from the  Auvrgne region,  France. c1150-1200 Oak with polychromy, height 31",  Metropolitan Museum of Art French Romanesque

Detail of Pulpit from Pisa's Baptistry c1259 Italian Gothic,

Cimabue,  Virgin & Child Enthroned, from the Church of Santa Trinita, Florence c 1280. Tempera and gold on wood, 12' 7"x7'4" Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence

Giotto di Bondone,  Virgin & Child Enthroned,  (Ognissanti Altar,) c 1310.  Tempera and gold on wood,  10'8"x6'8" Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence

Cimabue, Crucifix,  1268-71  Tempera on wood,  64,5 x 53 cm,  San Domenico, Arezzo Late Italian Gothic

Gothic and Late Gothic Paintings Altar or panel paintings (600's-1300's)
Patron
Guild and Apprentice System

How Paintings were commissioned and bought.

The patron and artist negotiate the price.  The cost is established by how many figures are present in the painting, the size, the amount of gold leaf and the colors that are used.

The artist orders a wood panel from a furniture maker. It is very important that the wood is "gassed out." This means the older the wood, the more petrified, the better. This can be the most expensive part.

• Panel is prepared by apprentices or an assistant by coating it with gesso.  Gesso is a mixture of chalk or calcium carbonate (marble dust) mixed with rabbit skin glue.
• Now the paint is made. For tempera, egg yolk is mixed with ground-up minerals (sometimes even semiprecious stones) to make a very durable paint.
• When all this is done and the painting is complete, there is a procession from the artist's studio to the church.