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Introduction to Geography, Chronology, and Egyptian
Thought
Egypt
1) Ancient Egypt was inhabited by mummies and they all wrote in hydraulics. They lived in the Sarah Dessert. The climate of the Sarah is such that all the inhabitants have to live elsewhere. |
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an important river? Regional Gods Re - Heliopolis
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syncretism n [NL syncretismus, fr. Gk synkretismos
federation of Cretan cities, fr. syn- + Kret-, Kres Cretan] (1618) 1:
the combination of different forms of belief or practice 2: the fusion
of two or more orig. different inflectional forms -- syn.cre.tist n
or adj -- syn.cre.tis.tic adj
(Each area had it's own version.) pantheon n [ME Panteon, a temple at Rome, fr. L Pantheon, fr. Gk pantheion temple of all the gods, fr. neut. of pantheios of all gods, fr. pan- + theos god] (14c) 1: a temple dedicated to all the gods 2: a building serving as the burial place of or containing memorials to the famous dead of a nation 3: the gods of a people; esp: the officially recognized gods 4: a group of illustrious persons polytheism n [F polytheisme, fr. LGk polytheos
polytheistic, fr. Gk, of many gods, fr. poly- + theos god] (1613): belief
in or worship of more than one god -- poly.the.ist adj or n -- poly.the.is.tic
also poly.the.is.ti.cal adj
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The Heliopolitan Myth developed in
Heliopolis and centered around Re-Atum (Ra or Re) as the key god
figure. According to the myth, Re-Atum willed himself into existence.
Other areas say it Ptah.
Stokstad says "shaped from the waters of chaos.. and emerged sealed atop a mound of sand hardened by its own rays." From him, Shu, the god of air and Tefnut, the god of moisture, were created. These two in turn had Geb, the earth god, and Nut, the sky god. From these the god of the elements were able to produce creation. In turn, these two produced Osiris, Isis, Seth, and Nephthys. This myth was the most widely accepted and famous of the creation myths. Isis and Osiris marry (icccch). Osiris becomes king of Egypt. Seth plays a trick. Isis and Nepthys reassemble the body. |
Amon
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Ptah
Isis was used as a symbol to express the duties and roles of a "good" woman. |
Hathor
also called Athyr, in ancient Egyptian religion, goddess of the sky, of women, and of fertility and love. Hathor's worship originated in predynastic times (4th millennium BC). The name Hathor means "estate of Horus" and may not be her original name. Her principal animal form was that of a cow, and she was strongly associated with motherhood. Hathor was closely connected with the sun god Re of Heliopolis, whose "eye" or daughter she was said to be. In her cult centre at Dandarah in Upper Egypt, she was worshiped with Horus. Horus
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![]() King Narmer rose to power and conquered Lower Egypt: ca. 3100 BC. He had been minor official in Upper Egypt. He and his successors: established a theocratic political system over entire navigable length of the Nile. |
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![]() ![]() HORUS also called HOR, OR HAR, god in the
form of a falcon whose eyes were the sun and the moon. Falcon cults were
widespread in Egypt. At Nekhen (Greek: Hierakonpolis), however, the conception
arose that the reigning king was a manifestation of Horus and, after Egypt
had been united by the kings from Nekhen, this conception became a generally
accepted dogma. The first of the Egyptian king's five names was the Horus
name--i.e., the name that identified him with Horus.
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c2254-2218BCE
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![]() "shaped from the waters of chaos. . . and emerged sealed atop a mound of sand hardened by its own rays." |
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Cartoon from New Yorker magazine
Fowling Scene Tomb of Nebamun -
1400 - 1350 BCE New Kingdom
Last Judgement of Hu Nefer -
1290 to 1280 BCE, New Kingdom, City of Thebes
Left to right: Anubis (Seth), Ammit, feather of Maat,
and Thoth, Horus and Osiris
![]() Last Judgement of Hu Nefer - 1290 to 1280 BCE, Thebes
Funeral Banner
From the Tomb of Lady Dai 168 BCE Mawangdui, China Han Dynasty |
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Papyrus of Ani c1280BCE Papyrus and ink, New Kingdom
Book of the Dead ca. 332-30 B.C. Papyrus and ink
Ptolemaic Period,
Scenes from the Tomb of Nebamun c1350 New Kingdom
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Mycerenus
and Kha Merer Nebty circa 2500 BCE Old Kingdom
ka physical spririt
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![]() Prince Rahotep and his wife Nofret c2580 painted limestone |
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![]() Prince Rahotep and his wife Nofret c2580 painted limestone |
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![]() Kouros Figures c 600 BCE |
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Mycerenus and Kha Merer Nebty
circa 2500 BCE Old Kingdom |